Diabetes is a disease characterized by the presence of high blood sugar levels in the patient. In the earlier times, diabetes was classified into two types, Type 1 diabetes mellitus or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. As medical science advanced, the different variations of the ailment were identified. Identification of the type of diabetes that one is suffering from is of the utmost importance. Correct diagnosis would enable you to get the right treatment.
To get a deeper insight into this ailment, let us understand the different types of diabetes.
• Type 1
The beta cells, which are present in the pancreas, produce the hormone insulin. At times, the destruction of the beta cells by the immune system of the body results in minimal or no production of insulin. Since a majority of patients suffering from Type 1 diabetes are children, it was earlier called as childhood-onset diabetes or juvenile diabetes. However, adults may also be affected by this type of diabetes. Daily intake of insulin is essential for these patients to survive.
• Type 2
Type 2 diabetes is a result of underutilization of the insulin produced by the body. This is also called as insulin resistance. Usually, overweight adults are prone to this form of the disease. Some people are genetically pre-disposed to Type 2. Those who suffer from it tend to have high cholesterol and blood pressure. This can be managed by reducing one’s weight, increasing the activity levels, keeping a watch on one’s blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and taking the medications conscientiously.
• Type 1.5 Or LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes In Adults)
Type 1.5 is a combination of the Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Like Type 1, the beta cells of the body are destroyed. Persons who are diagnosed with Type 1.5 diabetes are typically adults of normal weight. They do not have insulin resistance. Their body does not produce sufficient insulin. They are not prone to high cholesterol or blood pressure if their blood sugar levels remain in control.
• Gestational
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus occurs in women in the latter stages of pregnancy. It disappears after delivery. The presence of this disease poses a risk to the foetus. It may result in high birth weight of the baby. There is also a risk of complications in the heart and nervous system of the foetus. Women who experience gestational diabetes are likely to develop Type 2 later in life. Their children too run a risk of becoming diabetics.
At times, when the cause of the diabetes is identified, further classification is possible. For example
When the beta cells do not function properly due to genetic mutation,
When due to certain diseases, the pancreas is damaged. This may result in the insufficient insulin,
Certain medications and toxins may interfere with insulin production.
Identification of the type of diabetes a person is suffering from helps in deciding the treatment that he or she needs to undergo. It will help in deciding whether the patient requires insulin, medication or just exercise and diet control will do.